Anti-Anxiety Medication

The most common class of anti anxiety drugs are benzodiazepines. These include Xanax (alprazolam), Klonopin (clonazepam), Valium (diazepam), and Ativan (lorazepam). These drugs are sedatives that can relieve anxiety quickly. The problem is that they are habit forming and are generally only given short term. They cause drowsiness and can affect concentration, balance and coordination and should not be taken while driving. Prolonged use and high doses can lead to memory problems.

Benzodiapines work by increasing the activity of a neurotransmitter called gamma amino butyric acid (GABA for short). Neurotransmitters are chemicals produced by the body that enable the nerve cells to communicate with each other. GABA acts as a kind of damper on nerve signals. It has a calming effect.

For long-term treatment of generalized anxiety, buspirone (BuSpar) is given. This drug does not cause dependence, but it does take several weeks to take effect. Side effects include transient lightheadedness after taking the drug, headaches, insomnia, nervousness, and nausea.