PCOS and Insulin Resistance

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is strongly linked to insulin resistance. In many women, insulin does not work properly, leading to higher insulin levels that can drive hormone imbalances, including excess androgens. This shared problem with insulin signaling helps explain why PCOS is linked to blood sugar issues, fertility problems, and long-term metabolic risk [1]. One study found that nearly 60% of women with PCOS were insensitive to insulin [2]. It is such a strong link that metformin has been studied and found to be beneficial to these patients [3]. Similarly, when added to standard treatment, berberine was associated with improved reproductive outcomes and reductions in luteinizing hormone and testosterone, without significant effects on follicle-stimulating hormone in patients with PCOS [4].

For a more detailed discussion of how berberine supports insulin sensitivity and metabolic health, see our in-depth article on berberine and insulin resistance.

  1. Scientific Reports volume 15, Article number: 42649 (2025) Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes and the vicious cycle model in its etiology
  2. Endocr Rev. 1997 Dec;18(6):774-800. Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome: mechanism and implications for pathogenesis
  3. 2023 Aug 31;15(8):e44493. Role of Metformin in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)-Related Infertility
  4. Explore (NY). 2024 Nov-Dec;20(6):103040. Berberine as adjuvant therapy for treating reduced fertility potential in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials