Research published in the Western Journal of Surgery, Obstetrics, and Gynecology (1954; 62:610–611) examined the effects of niacin combined with vitamin C and rutin on dysmenorrhea. The study included 220 women between the ages of 15 and 44 with dysmenorrhea, of whom 80 completed the treatment protocol. Participants were given 100 mg of niacin twice daily, with additional doses of 100 mg every two to three hours during periods of menstrual cramping. Symptom relief was reported in approximately 90% of cases. The researchers also found that adding 300 mg of vitamin C along with 60 mg of rutin, a polyphenol, enhanced the effectiveness of niacin in reducing dysmenorrhea symptoms.