Researchers have studied whether probiotics during pregnancy and early infancy may help support healthy immune development. A meta-analysis in Epidemiology (2012) reviewed 14 randomized controlled trials in pregnant women and newborns. The analysis found that probiotic supplementation was linked with a reduced risk of atopic dermatitis (eczema) in infants.

While results vary by strain and timing of supplementation, this body of research suggests that supporting a healthy microbiome early in life may influence immune balance. The broader relationship between gut bacteria and disease is discussed in The Microbiome and Chronic Disease. Probiotics are still an adjunct, not a treatment, and decisions about supplementation during pregnancy should always be guided by a qualified healthcare provider.

Related reading: How probiotics support immune function

Educational only — not medical advice.