It is becoming increasingly clear that stress and lifestyle habits influence susceptibility to the common cold. Factors such as alcohol consumption, smoking, and skipping breakfast can weaken immune resilience and increase the likelihood of developing upper respiratory infections, according to research released by the Economic and Social Research Council in March 2002.
One study conducted at the Cardiff University School of Psychology involved nearly 500 students. Participants were asked to report within six to 96 hours of developing an upper respiratory infection. Among the 188 students who developed colds, alcohol use and smoking were more common than among those who remained healthy. Higher stress levels were also associated with increased illness.
A second study involving 100 participants examined the relationship between illness and dietary habits. Over a ten-week period, subjects kept diaries documenting illness, memory and attention problems, and daily habits. Participants who experienced more than one illness during the study were less likely to eat breakfast regularly and more likely to consume alcohol. They also reported a higher number of stressful life events in the preceding year.
According to Professor Andrew Smith, lead author of the studies, the findings demonstrate that minor illnesses such as colds can negatively affect performance and mood, and that everyday health behaviors may influence susceptibility to infection. He noted that greater awareness is needed regarding the effects of working or studying while ill, and that strategies to reduce these impacts should be considered.
