NSAIDs May Increase Risk of Relapse in Patients With Heart Failure

Popular pain-relief medications—specifically NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), which include ibuprofen and some prescription anti-inflammatories—may increase the risk of relapse in patients with existing congestive heart failure (CHF). These findings come from a study published in the Archives of Internal Medicine (February 11, 2002; 162:265–270).

NSAIDs are widely used for pain and inflammation, and the category technically includes aspirin, though aspirin behaves differently from other drugs in this class. The study found:

  • NSAIDs do not cause congestive heart failure outright.

  • However, among individuals already diagnosed with CHF, NSAID use was associated with a significantly increased risk of relapse.

  • Patients who filled at least one NSAID prescription were nearly 10 times more likely to experience a CHF relapse than those who did not use NSAIDs.

CHF occurs when the heart can no longer pump efficiently, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs and other tissues. Because NSAIDs can contribute to fluid retention, increased blood pressure, and changes in kidney function, they may worsen symptoms in people with compromised heart health.

Aspirin is often recommended to help lower cardiovascular risk, but the study suggests that other NSAIDs may not be safe for those with a history of:

  • angina

  • congestive heart failure

  • heart attack

  • coronary bypass surgery

  • angioplasty or stent placement

For these patients, clinicians often advise exploring safer alternatives under medical supervision.